– Due to its similar bonding properties and melting point, cobalt readily combines
with iron when smelted. Instead of separating with the melt slag like other
radioactive elements, trace amounts of 60Co remain in the iron
After the 1950s, 60Co was used as a refractory wear
indicator in the steel and iron production industry
under a license granted by the Atomic Energy
Commission. This practice has diminished, but is
still in use in some places around the world.
60Co pellets (1-5 mCi each) are embedded into the
fire bricks at specific depths and locations in the
blast furnace lining.
A radiation detector outside the furnace monitors
the amount of radiation emitted by the 60Co in the
furnace wall.
In 1998, 430,000 pounds of steel laced with 60Co made it to the U.S. from
Brazil. Part of that load was used to make brackets for 1,000 La-Z-Boy
recliners which would have given off a chest X-ray’s worth of radiation
every 1,000 hours, but never made it to stores or living rooms [3]
In 2012, a ten year old China-made cheese grater was found at a scrap
metal plant that was contaminated with the isotope 60Co. Tests showed
the gadget to be giving off the equivalent of a chest X-ray over 36 hours
of use, according to NRC documents. The grater likely was four to five
times more radioactive when it was new [3]
a reminder of why I love the singular they as a grammatical construction. So jarring and confusing for our hypothetical client to switch genders every other sentence.
(fine book and concept, although as many of these books are, is written in a very alien pseudo-philosoohicak style - with random quotes from Budda)
PSTV! newt satellite 2 transcript! Hep. Delta! this is unbelievable!
How do they replicate? Which enzyme system do they use?
DNA probe has been made, and search is now on for sequences in uninfected
plant, infected plant etc.
The site of synthesis in the cell is also unknown. In the case of PSTV it has
been shown that the nucleolus is the site of accumulation but the actual site of
synthesis unknown.
By still unknown mecha-nisms, the visual pigment molecules are alignedwithin the microvillar membrane in such a way thatlinearly polarized light is maximally absorbed whenthe oscillation plane (e-vector) is parallel to the longaxis of the microvilli (Goldsmith and Wehner, 1977;Hardie, 1984; 1985; Israelachvili and Wilson, 1976;Kirschfeld, 1969). The orientation of the microvilliis, therefore, a convenient indicator for the e-vectorto which a photoreceptor is tuned.
Be not too tame neither; but let your own discretion be your
tutor. Suit the action to the word, the word to the action; with
this special observance, that you o’erstep not the modesty of
nature: for anything so overdone is from the purpose of playing,
We are stardust, we are golden
We are billion-year-old carbon
And we got to get ourselves
Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young
The New York Times reported that Yasgur “slammed a work-hardened fist on the table and demanded of some friends, ‘How can anyone ask money for water?’”[6] His son Sam recalled his father telling his children to “take every empty milk bottle from the plant, fill them with water and give them to the kids, and give away all the milk and milk products we had at the dairy.”[12]
Yasgur was 49 at the time of the festival and had a heart condition. He said at the time that he never expected the festival to be so large, but that “if the generation gap is to be closed, we older people have to do more than we have done.”[6]
The scientists regard the free interchange of knowledge and insights as essential, and, in consequence, being non-secretive is one of their rules of professional conduct.
To make implicit knowledge explicit and to discuss how to describe skills so that they can be transferred implies, if not the birth at least the conception of a new science.
Mathematicians are somewhere in between: mathematical results are published and taught quite openly, but there is very little explicit teaching on how to do mathematics, and publishing besides the results also the heuristics that led to them is regarded by many as “unscientific” and therefore, bad style:
On February 18, 2025, Clarivate announced that as part of its “transformative strategy and following changes in demand from libraries” it would “phase out one-time perpetual purchases of print books” and ebooks on ProQuest’s Ebook Central platform. It would also end new perpetual archive license purchases of digital collections.
also, certificate transparency is a problem where “blockchain” is actually the right solution!! except it uses a Merkle tree invented in 1980. Developed in 2012, doesn’t seem to have been inspired by any of the other
If you’re curious about gravitational wave astronomy, check out the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center (just Google it) and sign up for one of their open data workshops.
There are legal requirements for good time synchronization, both in the US and abroad. In the US, legal requirements from CALEA, the DOJ, the FBI, and the FCC are currently set for a minimum accuracy of 200ms (two hundred milliseconds), and in 2006 this was extended to cover communications that occur via IP-based protocols, especially including networks using VOIP or VOIP-like technology (where you would be considered to be the equivalent of a telco), and might also be construed to include chat, irc, or any other IP-based communications protocol. In Europe, there are proposals are on the table to tighten this requirement to ten milliseconds (see Agentschap Telecom, Format for date and time, ETSI/TC LI Rap#16, Groningen, 27-28 Jun 2007, Doc. ETSI/LI-rap16-td12), and in part this is being used as justification for the same level of standard in the US by the DOJ, FBI, and FCC in FCC Notice RM-11376.
Note that OpenSSL is also another open source project, and is developed entirely outside of the US specifically to avoid any entanglements with export restrictions. As such, it should be covered under standard re-export clauses, and as a TSU Exception, in accordance with EAR Section 740.13(e).
